Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Essay Example It was in the late 2002, researchers found in the clinics of southern China, a febrile upper respiratory illness, which was progressing into a life threatening pneumonia in some persons. It later turned out to be an explosive outbreak in Hong Kong, which The World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2003 defined as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The WHO has formed guidelines for the global surveillance of severe acute reparatory syndrome, for the purpose of detecting cases rapidly and to prevent the further national or international spreading of the disease. Characteristics of SARS –spread and severity of SARS Through droplets The major mode of spreading the disease is considered to be by droplet spread by close person-to-person contact. The most cases reported that people who lived with the patient or had direct contact had affected the disease. In a research study it was found that, SARS-CoV would affect the persons in close vicinity of an infected person. Through contact with fomites Studies have proven that virus can remain viable on a dry surface for a period up to 24hours. By touching the objects or surfaces contaminated with the virus can affect in the sensitive parts like membranes of the eye, nose, or mouth. Virus spread through the fomites has higher risk of causing the disease. Through the faeces Studies have proven that the SARS-CoV can sustain in faeces. It can remain unharmed at room temperature for 1to 2 days and stays up to 4days in stools from patients with diarrhea. Through airborne spread The community outbreak in the March 2003, which affected more than 300 patients, points a finger at the possibility of transmitting the virus airborne. A diarrhea patient had been affected by the virus-laden aerosols that traveled from the sewer of the other flats. Some of the aerosols that assist the disease transmission are created by some medical procedures such as endotracheal intubation, open tracheal suction, and nasopharyngeal aspirat ion. The situations prevailed in the hospital is under the study that whether inadequate ventilation in the packed atmosphere has contributed anything to the hospital outbreak. The epidemic SARS was started as a hospital outbreak in many countries highly affecting the health care workers. Failure to implement adequate personal protective equipment or proper infection control procedures were said to be the reasons for such hospital outbreaks. Some cases reported had no history of infection and were sporadically occurring. The scientists found it difficulty in preventing the virus as there was rapid dissemination in the major cities. In the same way, it was found that the herd immunity was very low in the affected countries. Only in places where effective public health measures were in practice, people could put off the virus. Most feared characteristic The factor that makes people nervous about traveling and cancels their travel plans is that the SARS can transmit through contact wit h fomites. The WHO has officially declared cases about the patients affected by the virus through fecal-oral contact. So they fear in going to other places where they may have to get in contact with other people or even need to go to a hotel. If an affected person had been in the hotel before them, the virus can still remain unharmed in the surface and can transmit the disease into them. It is proven that the virus can remain in the dry surface for 24hours. Such fear and anxiety about the disease causes people to cancel their trips to other countries, in fact it helps in preventing the disease to some extent. Bibliography Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. SARS Case 1, Autospy Singapore. Retrieved from http://www.afip.org/hot-topics/SARS/case1.html Trends and directions for global public health

The Battle of the Sexes in Christianity and Islam Essay Example for Free

The Battle of the Sexes in Christianity and Islam Essay We can observe the differences in marriage bonds between different religions such as a Christian marriage and a Muslim marriage in the passage â€Å"The Battle of the Sexes in Christianity and Islam†. In the Christian faith their religion considers women to be the origin of obedience. It is quoted in the text â€Å"Wives, be subject to your husbands because when harmony prevails, the children are raised well, the household is kept in order†¦ and great benefits, both for families and for states results†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (180). It is shown in this passage wives are the main cause for having their family kept in order although they could not do this independently without their husbands. When it is said â€Å"husband and wife are one flesh† this refers to a Christian marriage of a husband and wife as they are devoted towards one another in the act of love. In the Christian marriage they are deemed equivalent to each other. According to the text it is quoted that â€Å"one’s partner for life, the mother of one’s children, the source of one’s every joy, should never be fettered with fear and threats, but with love and patience†¦Ã¢â‚¬  another quote towards a husband figure states† let no wife say any hurtful thing; she is her husbands body, and it is not for her to dictate to her head, but rather to submit and to obey†(180). Through this Christian bond the husband and wife should be submissive to each other by treating each other with respect. As quoted from personal religion notes â€Å"two shall become one. One man and one woman are united under God in the holy sacrament of Matrimony. † With this being stated the marriage bond for Christians verifies a husband and wife to be cohesive as one individual. In Islam spouses are perceived quite differently. According to the passage it is quoted â€Å"do not burden your wives with things beyond their capacity, and observe God’s exhortations relating to your wives, for they are like slaves in your hands† (181). This quote has stated in a Muslim marriage their bonds are quite similar to slavery. The woman is a slave, but should not be harmed, overworked, or treated as low as one. Dissimilar from a Christian marriage spouses are united as one, in a Muslim marriage the husband is somewhat superior to the wife. Men could use violence to reveal their supremacy towards their wife, although the husband is only allowed to use this violence as a final act, while in many cases this is used right away.

The Nile Egyptian Schools

The Nile Egyptian Schools I have accepted a new position in a new school. The school is new in everything; new school campus, new staff and team, new students, and last but not least a new system. The later is what concerns me; it also interests me and is what I find challenging. I believe it is a great idea and deeply hope it works. It is important to remember that starting an assessment of a program should not wait until the school starts. An evaluation plan should be part of the planning of the initiation of the school, and should be implemented when the teaching begins and even before once the students are accepted. And so, documentation starts from the beginning, and baseline data on students, teachers, and administration personnel can be collected before instruction begins (Fleischman Williams, 1996). The Nile Egyptian Schools Mission states that: NES will provide quality affordable education that is locally and internationally recognized and accredited. The Schools will be recognized for excellence in teaching and learning characterized by quality facilities, strong effective leadership, outstanding teachers and excellent community support. NES will prepare students for academic success and encourage them to be responsible and productive citizens with a strong Egyptian identity. The vision of the school: The Nile Egyptian Schools will provide Egypt with world class citizens who can serve globally as ambassadors of excellence and help position Egypt as a vibrant nation keen on achieving progress, prosperity and well-being for its citizens and the world community. The schools website also shows the aims and values of the school; The NES aim to meet International education standards in terms of recognized curricula, certified teachers, qualified administrative staff and school buildings constructed and equipped to contemporary international standards. These not-for-profit schools will provide high education at affordable fees in partnership with civil society. The curriculum has been designed to meet the needs of the individual learners in the twenty first century, whilst taking account of the aim and objectives of NES project and of Egyptian standards. The system is based on the principles of humanism, tolerance, diversity, democracy, and open-mindedness. The Nile schools are going to be twenty-nine schools; for now, only five will open. The plan is to open one school in every governorate; which would entail a great diversity in the students and in the cultures of each school. The students profiles are going to be extremely diverse, from Upper Egypt in Aswan to Alexandria and Port Said. As such the students will have the same curriculum, same facilities but different teachers and different backgrounds. My students at El-Obour branch will be assessed and compared to other students in the other schools. I find this challenging and needs to be put in consideration when I am evaluating the course and its outcomes. Reflecting on the mission and vision of the schools, and on my new role as the head of the science department in a new school it came to mind that I would need different tools to help me evaluate the teachers in the department, their teaching methods, their ability to interact and handle the students. As such is the case I am attempting to research and probably find or design a tool that would help me achieve my goal. I chose to adopt this framework and tried to adapt it to my needs. This framework, presented here includes both the process and outcome side. It also, focuses on the students and their individuality. Accordingly, I would be able to determine the effectiveness of the science program execution, also understand how the curriculum and teaching process produced this result and how the program could be upgraded to produce a better result more efficiently. To reach the goal of assessing the program and evaluating the outcome, there are three components that should be addressed. Data should be collected and used from these perspectives.  · Students;  · Instruction; and  · Outcomes. Each one is described below. Students This part of the evaluation tool should focus on the students information including, for example, grade level, age, the culture where they are in is it urban or rural (according to the location of the school), socio-economic background (e.g. parents education), skills, grades and test scores from previous schools and all through the year. This data has a great descriptive value; it is also useful for comparisons between other students in the same school or in the other school branches. All the Nile Egyptian schools are providing the same services to all students, but students backgrounds and cultures are going to differ according to the school location. For this I would use these two sheets one general and one specific for each student. This data could be collected once at the beginning of the year and updated if needed. It could be distributed to the parents and filled to save time. I would need this information when reviewing the collective data; it will be also useful when comparing with other schools. The general sheet: Questions How many students are in the same grade in my school (El-Obour)? Number of students taking science in each grade. How many students are in the same grade in all NESs? Number of students taking science in each grade. How many students are in the class to be observed class? Number of students in class. What is the students level in language and science? Scores on achievement tests from previous schools. What is the students basic scientific knowledge before? Scores on a pre-test related to curriculum being evaluated; i.e. an MCQ test to be given on the first or second class session. Second sheet (for individual students): Name Grade Age/ Gender Grade from previous school Comments Instruction (teaching and teaching materials) I think this part is the very essence of my job. I will eventually be leading a team of science teachers asked to deliver the curriculum by the means and the facilities available. According to the school profile, state of the art facilities that are highly technological and laboratory equipment would be available. Through monitoring and observing using an assessment tool I would be able to evaluate the process by which the outcomes or results were achieved and by what is actually taking place in the classroom, rather than what was planned to happen. This would allow us to work on the weaknesses and share the strengths with the other branches. As such I believe my role as a monitor of the science program, whether in the classroom, the laboratory or elsewhere, like field trips inside and outside the school is my number one task. To observe how the program is implemented, and develop teacher training activities that would help them. I would have to include instructional measurable objectives, hours of teaching, teacher characteristic, experience, and innovation in my assessment tool. Being the instructional leader would entail not only observations and evaluations but also building rapport with the teachers and meeting with them before and after class observations, and on regular basis to share ideas and experiences. I would like it too, if the teachers on my team would attend some of my classes; it is good for my professional development, it would also enhance the sense of team collegiality. Pre-observation Conference Date: Teachers Name:______________________ What and when would you like to be observed? (maybe set a time frame for my visit; like in the next week) How do you feel about the lesson? Walk me through your lesson plan. Why did you choose this lesson? What do you want the students to learn by the end of the lesson? How will you check if they got it? What concerns you the most about this lesson? Take me through your lesson plan What is the teaching strategy you want to be observed in this lesson? Classroom management, positive support, instructional monitoring, questioning, other instructional strategies Why did you choose this behavior? Observation instruments to be with me in the lesson while observation: Lesson plan Seating chart and where I would sit Notebook Other: Special conditions/students Reflect on Learning outcome/ objectives met Classroom management Teaching behavior focus Set the date for the post-conference meeting time and place: Any questions? (This sheet is adapted from M. MacCormick 2006) Post-Conference Date: Teachers Name:_____________________ How do you feel about the lesson? My feelings Were the learning objectives achieved?) Teachers comment My comment Discuss changes or suggestions if the lesson would be done again or differently, what would be needed? Classroom Management Teachers comment My comment Suggestions for next classes Teaching Behavior Focus Teachers comment My comment Discuss changes Future training Plan The teachers next teaching behavior focus Develop a training plan with the teacher Summary Summarize and record what was discussed Try to put the conclusions in points I have to remember to give encouraging statement Questions? Complete record of the observation cycle summary Give an estimated time for the next class visit (This sheet is adapted from M. MacCormick 2006) I would like also to use this next tool to have background information of the classes and teachers. This tool also helps me to be clear and set or request from the top management the appropriate training and development programs. Questions Variables 1. What are the measurable objectives? Are these objectives stated clearly? Unit or chapter goals and lesson objectives 2. What are the total hours of teaching per week? Hours/ week 3. What is the teacher/student ratio? Number of students/ class 4. What are the teachers qualifications and experience)? Teachers previous experience 5. What is the type of training available to teachers? Are they fitting and enough? Training and development activities 6. What are the teachers tools, materials and instruments available? Are they suitable and used? Materials and equipment available. (Adapted from Hopstock, Young, and Zehler, 1993 cited in Davis (Gene), 2005) Outcomes This is the last part of what I feel is an effective evaluation; It deals with what to do next. The results of the Cambridge exams are going to be a very important part of the evaluation of the outcome. The top management will look at these results as the sole reflection on the educational process. On the other hand I would like to put into consideration the project work of the students and their portfolios. By this we can evaluate the outcome using both authentic and traditional assessment tools. Assessment is a way we can document our progress. A systematic, ongoing cycle of setting goals or objectives, measuring the achievement of those goals, and using these results to make knowledgeable decisions vital for the departments continuous improvement (Davis (Gene), 2005). Good assessment can enhance the quality of education by providing the necessary evidence to guide us to make the best decisions we can make in many areas: including changes in curriculum, classroom teaching methodology, support individual students, and improvement of the school culture. In other words, we need to know where were standing before we can go any further. In addition to the benefits I will get in my department and school, we, the NESs could use this assessment to improve as a new educational system. With these three key purposes of assessment in mind: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To improve Evaluation should be formative. Assessment provides feedback to help form better programs and services. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To inform Assessment should show a clear image of what is really happening in a classroom or laboratory and can inform others of the effort that is done there. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ To demonstrate A good assessment process can answer three related questions: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ What are we trying to do? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ How well are we doing it? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ How are we using what we discover to improve what we will do in the future? The following diagram illustrates this cycle of goal setting tied to evaluations (Davis (Gene), 2005). Analysis of data and presenting it for further use: After collecting the data, starts the next step in the process of evaluation, data analysis and producing a report. This is important for the documentation and writing recommendations to be checked in the next cycle. The evaluation report will include: A description of the achievements of the program, stating and highlighting those instructional methods that were the most effective; A description instructional elements that were unproductive, inefficient and even problematic it will also state areas that need improvement in the future; and A description of the outcomes and the effect of the material taught and how it was delivered on the students as shown by their test scores as well as their portfolios. Thorough observation with accurate documentation will make the data useful for and allow us to make well informed decisions to improve the curriculum and the way it is delivered. In other words, the evaluation report is a tool supporting decision making, program improvement, accountability, and quality control (Davis (Gene), 2005).

Frankenstein Info. :: essays research papers

Author: Mary Shelley Country England Title Frankenstein Genre: Fiction/Horror 1. Characters, with a brief description of each. Victor Frankenstein: He is the main character, a paradigm of ambition and curiosity. He does not know when to stop, and therefore loses everything. Elizabeth Lavenza: She is the sweet sister-bride of Victor. With flawless personality, she represents the hope for escape to a good future. Caroline: As Victor's mother, she is as generous as can be. A bit controlling, she desires the marriage of Victor and Elizabeth from day one. Alphonse: Victor's father, a man who is kind and caring towards those in need. His happiness depends on the happiness of his children. If that fails, he does also. William: The youngest son of the Frankenstein family, he is victimized terribly and becomes a symbol of lost youth. Henry Clerval: Victor's best friend since childhood, he understands his friend better than any other character. He has opposite kinds of dreams and goals. Justine: A servant in the Frankenstein household who is more like a sister. She is accused of attacking William, and becomes another martyred symbol for lost youth. The Creature: He is the work of Frankenstein's hands, his greatest and worst passion rolled into one. The two have an unbreakable connection. Robert Walton: The stand-in for the reader, he is the person to whom Victor relates his entire history. He has much in common with the narrator: ambition, drive, desire for glory. De Lacey: He is the head of the household adopted by the creature. A blind man who is kind but has been robbed of his fortunes. Felix: The son of De Lacey, he is idealistic and not afraid to stand up for what he believes in. He loves his family with all his heart. Agatha: The daughter of De Lacey, she is a cheerful soul who lives to aid her brother and care for her father. She retains a level of class, even though she is poor. Safie: The betrothed of Felix, she is wonderfully exotic and beautiful. She also is cheerful, and loves to sing. 2. Settings, with a brief description of each.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frankenstein is set in the mountainous regions and woods surrounding the Frankenstein home in Geneva, with the opening of the book set in the Arctic region, amidst icebergs and dogsleds. Some of the story is also set in the dark regions of Scotland. 3. One paragraph plot summary.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Robert Walton corresponds with his sister in a letter while on expedition to the Arctic

Value System in Nepal

What is value system? In simple way value system means the principle of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group. Values can be defined as broad preferences concerning appropriate courses of action or outcomes. As such, values reflect a person’s sense of right and wrong or what â€Å"ought† to be. 40â€Å"Equal rights for all† and â€Å"People should be treated with respect and dignity† are representative of values. Values tend to influence attitudes and behavior.For example, if you value equal rights for all and you go to work for an organization that treats its managers much better than it does its workers, you may form the attitude that the company is an unfair place to work; consequently, you may not produce well or may perhaps leave the company. It is likely that if the company had had a more egalitarian policy, your attitude and behaviors would have been more positive. A value system is in essence the ordering and prioriti zation of the ethical and ideological values that an individual or society holds.While two individuals or groups may share a set of common values, they may differ in their determination of which values in that set have precedence over others. The two individuals or groups are said to have different value systems, even though they may have many values in common, if their prioritization of values differs, or if there are different exceptions they attach to these values. Groups and individuals whose differing value systems have many values in common may still wind up in conflict, ideological or physical, with each other, because of the differences in their value systems.People with differing value systems will thus disagree on the rightness or wrongness of certain actions, both in the abstract and in specific circumstances. In essence, a value system (if sufficiently well-defined) is a formalization of a moral code. The premise behind the discipline of rigorously examining value system s and the differences between them (given the provisional name ethonomics) is that an understanding of these differences in prioritization of values can lead to greater understanding about the politics (and motivations) of individuals and groups.While political discourse in recent times has frequently focused on the â€Å"values† held by the people engaging in the discourse (be they candidates, office holders, or media pundits), in reality those being compared share many (perhaps most) values in common. It is in their prioritization of those values that they differ, causing them (as a result of these different prioritizations) to come to different conclusions about what is right and wrong, and to take different actions accordingly.One example of a simple formal value system is Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics, which is intended as value system (of sorts) for robots in the hypothetical future of Asimov's science fiction novels. Simply distilled, the laws stipulate that: * human life is of primary importance and value (â€Å"A robot may not harm a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. â€Å") * orders given by human beings to robots are secondary, to be obeyed as long as they do not violate the first law (â€Å"A robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. ) * a robot's own existence is of tertiary value, meaning that a robot should preserve its own life only if the other two laws have been satisfactorily complied with (â€Å"A robot must protect its own existence, as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. â€Å") Naturally, this is a very simplistic set of values, but the idea behind formalization of value systems is that more complex value systems that apply to human society might be derived or mapped from similar principles and structures, and that conflicts between such value systems might be resolved rat ionally.Definitions Values In order to define value systems, we need to define the characteristics of values that could be represented in a value system. The values that a group or person holds may fall into several different categories. The ones that usually concern us in the area of value systems are the ethical and the ideological. * Ethical values may be thought of as those values which serve to distinguish between good and bad, right and wrong, and moral and immoral. At a societal level, these values frequently form a basis for what is permitted and what is prohibited. Ideological values deal with the broader or more abstract areas of politics, religion, economics, and social mores. In theory, the broader ideological values should derive logically as natural consequences of the particulars of fundamental ethical values and their prioritizations. But although ideally a value system ought to be consistent, quite often this is not the case. Value Systems As mentioned earlier, a va lue system is the ordering and prioritization of the ethical and ideological values that an individual or society holds.The specific prioritizations may lead to designated exceptions invoked because one value is deemed more important than another (e. g. , â€Å"lying is wrong, but lying to save someone else's life is acceptable, because human life is more valuable (more highly valued) than the principle that lying is wrong†). Regardless of whether or not value systems are formed logically, they determine for individuals and societies what actions they are likely to act and how those actions are likely to be justified (or perhaps ‘rationalized'). Characteristics of Value SystemsValue systems can be categorized along multiple axes: * They can be personal, held by an individual and applicable only to an individual, or they can be communal or societal, defined by and applying to a community or society. Communal value systems may be legal codes take on the force of law in ma ny societies. * They can be internally consistent, where the broader ideological values derive logically as natural consequences of the particulars of fundamental ethical values, and where values do not contradict each other, or they can be inconsistent.Although ideally a value system ought to be consistent, quite often this is not the case in practice. Note that valuing the consistency of a value system is itself a sort of ‘meta-value', that could be present or absent in a given value system. * They can be idealized value systems (ideal representations of an individual's or group's value prioritizations) or realized value systems (how such a value system is manifested in reality, in the actions and decisions of the individual or group).Idealized value systems tend to be absolute, in that they are codified as a strict set of proscriptions on behavior, while realized value systems contain conditional exceptions that are rules to resolve collisions between values in practical ci rcumstances. Personal vs. Communal A value system may be held by a group of people, a community or society, or it might be held by an individual. An individual person's value system might be consistent with or equivalent to the community's value system. Consistency does not imply equivalence, though.An individual's value system might even hold the person to a higher standard, and still be consistent with the community's value system. (Consistency within a value system, described below, refers to the degree to which contradictions and overt situational exceptions are absent from that value system; consistency between value systems means that any action that might be taken in one value system would not contradict the rules associated with another. ) Exceptions One way of looking at differences between value systems is to think of the exceptions to the â€Å"rules† associated with values.These could be abstract exceptions (which are generalized enough in the way they are defined to take hold in all situations) and situational exceptions (which only can be said to be applied in very specific situations). The more generalized the exception, the more useful it is in a wider context for defining a consistent value system. In general, abstract exceptions serve to reinforce the prioritization of values, e. g. : Lying is wrong, but lying to save someone else's life is acceptable, because preserving a human life is more valuable (more highly valued) than the adhering to the principle that lying is wrong.In a formal value system (idealized or realized), the default exception associated with each value is assumed to be â€Å"as long as no higher-priority value is violated†. However, this hierarchical structure may be too simplistic in practice, and explicit exceptions may need to be specified. Examples of exceptions in practice: * We may commonly agree that telling the truth is an important positive value, and that conversely deception is inherently wrong. Bu t we make both abstract and situational exceptions for circumstances where we may assert that lying is acceptable behavior.Thus lying to avoid causing another person pain as a general rule would be considered an abstract exception, while lying in a particular situation because a specific person, if lied to, might do a specific thing at a specific time would be considered a situational exception. * People may agree that stealing is wrong, but some people may believe that stealing if you are starving and want to feed yourself and your loved ones is more acceptable than stealing if you are a abitual thief who makes a living stealing from people, or if you are an already wealthy person whose greed leads you to steal from your partners, your investors, or those you do business with. Others may find nothing wrong with stealing from faceless corporations and business establishments but may frown upon stealing from individuals. Some may define certain acts to qualify as not stealing if they fit into some of these categories. * People who think that killing is wrong might make an exception for someone acting in self-defense, placing a higher value on preservation of one's own life than on the principle of â€Å"thou shalt not kill†.Someone in the military might accept the value that killing another person is wrong yet may see nothing wrong with killing someone (in self-defense or not) in the course of or following the orders of a military commander (assumed to have a valid reason for ordering the killing), placing a higher value on discipline/loyalty and â€Å"defending one's country†. Conversely, a conscientious objector might prioritize the value that killing is wrong not only over military actions but even over self-defense. Many people in the business world might include the Golden Rule (which says â€Å"Do unto others as you would have others do unto you†) in their value system, but in practice they might place higher priority on the values li ke â€Å"Every man for himself† or â€Å"Let the buyer beware†. Conversely, another person might find that prioritization morally repugnant, and accuse the businessman of being unethical (or even of a form of theft) if he sells merchandise he knows to be shoddy, or deceives those he tries to do business with. ConsistencyA value system whose exceptions are abstract, generalized enough to be used in all situations, is said to be an internally consistent value system. On the other hand, a value system whose exceptions are highly situational, or whose exceptions are inconsistently applied, is said to be an internally inconsistent. A value system's consistency (or lack thereof) does not necessarily say anything about how ‘good' or ‘evil' it is. A value system that declares that lying and murder are acceptable, that essentially endorses a ‘might makes right' morality, could be internally consistent in its approach.Likewise, an internally inconsistent value system, loaded with inconsistently applied situational exceptions, might be considered perfectly acceptable if the ‘meta-value' of consistent application of values is not part of the value system. (The paradox here is that the absence of this value in a value system makes it consistent, because there is no constraint that says it must be consistent. It could be argued that those who explicitly omit this meta-value from their value system implicit endorse consistency as a value in that act of deliberate omission. On the other hand, those who hold this value ) Idealized vs.Realized These exceptions, especially when they are implicitly rather than explicitly defined, often yield a difference between an idealized value system and the realized value system. The idealized value system is the simple listing of values (in priority order) that a person or society would purport that they employ in determining right and wrong. The realized value system is the one they actually use in day -to-day life. While people claiming to employ a particular value system might say they place more value on x than y, more often than not there are deviations from this in practice.A consistent value system A religion may list a strong set of positive values, but its adherents and even those who are leaders of the religion may stray from those in practice. Idealized value systems often list strict rules (perhaps without any prioritizing order) but do not carefully define exceptions, abstract or situational. Realized value systems, in practice, often have a number of exceptions associated with them, but they may not be explicitly defined or consistently applied. Absolutists hold to their idealized value system and claim no exceptions other than the default.Defining Values Some fundamental values that most people seem to share, at least in theory, are: * â€Å"It's wrong to hurt, to harm, or especially to kill another person. † * â€Å"It's wrong to steal from another person. à ¢â‚¬  * â€Å"It's wrong to lie. † In practice, realized examples of these values would be a good deal more complicated, with exceptions already embedded within them. * â€Å"It's wrong to hurt another person, except in self-defense to keep them from hurting you, or if it is agreed upon with the other person as a step towards a mutually acceptable greater good (e. g. a doctor giving a patient a painful injection to cure an ailment). † * â€Å"It's wrong to take something from someone in a non-consensual fashion without negotiating overtly with the other person and agreeing to a mutually satisfactory transfer or exchange. † * â€Å"It's wrong to deceive another person knowingly for your own gain. † * â€Å"It's wrong to take deliberate overt action to prevent another person from exercising his will as long as that exercise does not interfere with your own exercise of will, except when the other person's will serves to violate the aforementioned principle s. In general, these values declare that â€Å"it's wrong to interfere in another person's life unless they do things to interfere in yours† This corresponds in essence to what has been called the Wiccan Rede which declares that â€Å"[As long as it] harms none, do what thou wilt†. While this may seem an elegant moral principle, in practice it runs into trouble because of the differing priorities people place on specific individual values, because of the way differing value systems define what is and isn't ‘harm', and perhaps most of all because of the different exceptions implicitly or explicitly defined in a value system.Examples of conflicting value systems This section is devoted to the process of using rational analysis to resolve conflicts between value systems. Individualism vs. collectivism In individualism, the needs and wants of the individual take precedence over the needs and wants of a society or community. The implicit exception inherent in individu alism is usually â€Å"as long as the actions of the individual do not harm other individuals. † Absolutists may claim that even this exception does not hold.In collectivism, the needs and wants of the society or community take precedence over the needs and wants of the individual. Rarely is the exception invoked that this is true â€Å"as long as the actions of the society do not restrict individuals . † It could be argued that a rational value system puts value on the needs and wants of the society or community structure, but does not give this more value than the needs and wants of the individuals within it.It is relatively easy to argue the case for this prioritization: under collectivism, a community could decide (however such decisions might be made) that it would work better if there were no people in it to interfere with the smooth running of society. While this might be true, since people tend to â€Å"complicate† the smooth running of any social order, it would create a society without any people, something which is clearly against the interest of the people in that society—would we rationally advocate our own extinction if it made the â€Å"system† of society run better?A rational resolution to the conflict between individualism and collectivism might structure these values in this manner: 1. The rights of individuals to act as they wish is unencumbered, unless their actions harm others or interfere with others' free exercise of their individual rights, and as long as their actions do not interfere with functions of society that other individuals depend upon, provided those functions do not themselves interfere with these proscribed individual rights and were agreed to by a majority of the individuals. . A society (or more specifically the system of order that enables the workings of a society) exists for the purpose of benefitting the lives of the individuals who are members of that society. The functions of a soc iety in providing such benefits would be those agreed to by the majority of individuals in the society. 1. A society may require contributions from its members in order for them to benefit from the services provided by the society.The failure of individuals to make such required contributions could be considered a reason to deny those benefits to them, although a society could elect to consider hardship situations in determining how much should be contributed. 1. A society may restrict behavior of individuals who are members of the society only for the purpose of performing its designated functions agreed to by the majority of individuals in the society, only insofar as they violate the aforementioned values.This means that a society may abrogate the rights of any of its members who fails to uphold the aforementioned values. Of necessity, as you can see here, the exceptions associated with values like these can become recursive and often convoluted. The name proposed for the discipl ine that tries to perform this task—mapping and formalizing value system prioritizations and resolving conflicts between disparate value systems through rational analysis—is ethonomics.

The Trade Relations Among Europe and Africa, Asia and America

Before 1500, Europeans had already established a trading network with Africa, Asia and America. The products that they traded during that time period included food clothing, weapons and other goods. Today their trading networks are very sophisticated and connect to every corner well to every other aspect of the planet. Trading became an essential part for our society to function and prosperous into what it has become today. Some might think that today’s trading landscape came from the Europeans around 1500, but they were just eager to establish trades with countries who were just as eager to purchase European goods. However, this statement is incorrect. The reality was that not every country was willing to purchase their products, but many of the Europeans were eager to buy products from other countries. In this paper, I will show how the above statement and its flaws. European countries have a rich civilization. For example, they have a wide variety of food, a huge collection of art work and a number of different customs inlcuding multiple languages. Their possession of these qualities made them become the modern civilization popular at that time. Therefore, if a country that was less civilized started using their products, that country might be modernized at a faster pace. Therefore, the Europeans were helping other countries when they traded with them. However, their good deeds were not accepted by other countries. Not every country was interested in European goods. For example, China resisted importing foreign goods to their country at that time. This was because the government did not want foreign culture to affect their already rich civilization, as China’s history could be traced back to 3000 years ago. Also, African countries, although they were not civilized at all, were not receptive at buying European goods. Tribes from Africa were scattered everywhere. Most of these tribes were self-sufficient as in their advanced ability to produce their own goods as oppose to trading products between tribes. As a result, the economy in Africa was very weak and none of these tribes could afford the European products in order to better their society. Another big misconception about European trade is that we always think other countries had to yield to the terms set forth by the Europeans. Although, Europeans had a powerful civilization and their weapons were more technology advance than many other nations, the term â€Å"trade† was not always in favor of the Europeans. For example, even though Portugal had a better naval and military technology, they had a very limited success when trading with China and Japan. Between 1521 and 1522, Portuguese had attempted to enforce trading with China. However, their aggressive movement ended with a decisive defeat of the Portuguese because they were unable to control all the maritime traffic in the region. As a result, Portugal was expelled from China in 1523. Another example was the Mughal Empire. Mughal Empire was founded in the early 16th century and located in the Middle East region. According to the class note, although this empire was relatively new, they already had a better gunpowder technology than the Europeans. Of course, we cannot conclude that the Mughal Empire had a stronger military than the Europeans based on this fact. However, the gunpowder technology would definitely give the Mughal people a superior defense upon an attack by the Europeans in case of a trading issue arose. As a result, we cannot conclude that a powerful civilization was a factor for the European to continue their trading network at around 1500. An underlying reason of the trade was that the Europeans wanted to be more superior. They wanted to spread their civilized cultures and religions to the â€Å"less civilized† countries in order to colonize them easier. The Americas was a great example to illustrate this influence. After Columbus discovered the new continent in 1400s, European powers began to flock and colonize the new world. Despite the natives were resisting, they were soon adapted to their new dominating power. This was because many of the products that they used were imported from the European nations, including tea, clothing, religion etc. The success of the dominating European power was due to the fact that they took advantage of the trading system and method was unsuccessful for the empires in the old world. It is because the â€Å"less civilized† old world countries had already established their own cultures and religions and were not ready to change. For example, Christianity did not find its way in China. Even in the mid 18th century, 200 years after the trading relationship began; only about 0. 08 percent of total Chinese population had converted from Buddhism to Christianity. Therefore, the explanation that trading system continued because of the European’s cohesive civilization was not well constructed, as it was true for the countries in the new world but not the old. Finally, European nations were ore interested in products made in other countries than those countries interested in their products. An example about the Chinese empire was illustrated in the previous paragraph. China refused the purchase foreign goods because they had already a rich culture by itself. In contrast, Europeans were very interested in silk, porcelains and food produced in China. In Africa, where people could not afford European products, European powers simply arrived, enslaved, and â€Å"trade† those indigent people. Therefore, Europeans after 1500s continued their networks with other countries were more because they wanted to purchase foreign products rather than so sell their products. In conclusion, Europeans established ongoing trade networks in Africa, Asia and the Americas after 1500 because they wanted to trade with countries just as eager to trade with them does not sufficiently entail the trading landscape at that time. Some countries were uninterested in their products and some others simply cannot afford them. As a result, the statement is false and should be revised.

Danny and the Ring Essays

Danny and the Ring Essays Danny and the Ring Essay Danny and the Ring Essay Even though the spring Sun was out in force. the air current still made Danny’s nose so cold that it wouldn’t stop running. The weather forecaster said that it was traveling to rain subsequently. but so far the sunlight made him squinch his eyes as he walked. Every twenty-four hours. Danny had to be at work by 7:30 in the forenoon. and he had neer been tardily. He walked up the concrete stairss to the door of the funeral place easy. taking attention non to trip on the in-between measure. which had a big cleft in it. When he got to the door. he wiped his olfactory organ with his arm. and so fumbled for his particular key. There wasn’t anything else in his pocket. but Danny still fumbled anyhow. A minute subsequently. he took the key which was on a long shoe lace twine and opened the heavy wooden door. flinching at the squeak that cut through the silence of the cold April forenoon. Danny took his occupation really earnestly. and was reasonably good at it. The wage was plenty to assist pay for his room at the Special House where he lived. and he liked his good friend Dr. Jacob that worked with him in the cellar. Jacob arrived at the funeral place every twenty-four hours about a half an hr after Danny got at that place. He thought Danny was a good child. and he liked the fact that even though he had Downs Syndrome. Danny took to the occupation good. One thing he couldn’t understand is how he made it every forenoon at the same exact clip like clockwork. Jacob worked on the organic structures downstairs. acquiring them processed and ready for sing. Danny would come in and brush. swab. and by and large clean up the workshop. The first twenty-four hours that Danny came in to work. he saw Jacob hooking up hosieries to a organic structure. Danny was amazed. yet really unagitated and understanding. desiring to calculate out precisely what Jacob was up to. After Jacob tried to give Danny an overview of what he was making and why. Danny merely told him that he didn’t acquire it. but that he was a heck of a physician. After that. Jacob had become Dr. Jacob. Danny was already started when Dr. Jacob had arrived that forenoon. The pail was drawn with fresh hot soapy H2O. and most of the floors had already been swept. Danny was acquiring the swab ready when Dr. Jacob got off the lift. Danny greeted him with his celebrated smiling. and went to agitate his manus like he did every forenoon. Hands are all full today Danny. allow me acquire over to the counter and bead off my material. The unfertile odor of cleaner assorted in with the lingering methanal wafted it’s manner around Dr. Jacob’s olfactory organ and told his encephalon that it was clip to acquire to work. He dropped off his coat and tiffin and so turned to Danny. who was waiting patiently for his forenoon handshaking. Here ya travel Danny. and a good forenoon to you excessively. They shook custodies and Danny was back to work once more. The silence was intolerable down at that place in the keep. as it was sometimes called. Dr. Jacob went to get down up the Mr. Coffee. and so turn on the wireless. You know you can turn this on when you get here Danny male child to give you some melodies to work to. compensate? Dr. Jacob said. Not till your here Dr. Jacob. No wireless till your here. Your java is about ready. Got to acquire back to work now. Danny smiled with his whole face. eyes and all. He turned and grabbed the swab and began to dunk it and pealing it out. acquiring ready to wipe up the dressing room. That was the room that Dr. Jacob couldn’t base. He could work on the dead. treating organic structure fluids and what non. without vacillation. But there was something eldritch about acquiring them dressed for the last clip. complete with hair dos’ and all that he merely couldn’t tummy. That occupation was left to the dark cat. Joe. He was gone earlier six every twenty-four hours. and got at that place at approximately ten at dark. Joe did reasonably good work. even made up the ladies with lip rouge and all. but Dr. Jacob tried to avoid the whole country if he could. He put some cream pitcher in his java. and turned up the wireless a spot. and sat down at his desk to reexamine the files that came with each organic structure. He was working on his 2nd cup when he heard Danny cry. Dr. Jacob jumped up. sloping his java on his white lab coat. and ran over to the dressing room. He had neer heard Danny bellow like that. and he thought something was really incorrect. He walked though the dual doors and found Danny sitting in the corner. swaying back and Forth. Danny. what happened? What’s incorrectly? Come on up Danny male child. state me what’s traveling on? The lady said she needed her pealing back. She said give it back to her. She was a huffy lady. Danny. there’s no 1 else down here but you and me. The lift hasn’t moved all twenty-four hours. There can’t be any lady in this cellar. Did you acquire scared by one of the organic structures down here? Do you desire to travel place? No. I will acquire back to work. Your right. Larissa is gone now. I’m regretful Dr. Jacob. Danny dusted himself off and picked up the swab. and started right up once more where he had left off. Dr. Jacob took a long expression around the room. but didn’t see anything out of the ordinary. Danny had calmed down. about as if nil had happened. Dr. Jacob shook it off and went back to his desk. and decided to name Joe and inquire him if anything had been traveling on the dark before. The phone rang three times. so a dazed voice was on the other terminal. Hello? This better be of import. I’m kiping. Hey Joe. this is Jacob down at the place. Anything eldritch happen last dark? No interruption ins or anybody spying about in the cellar dressing room? What? No adult male. Merely concern as usual. Had two biddies to make up last dark. Hell. it was kinda slow. Something traveling on or what? No. Danny got freaked out. Said something about some lady named Larissa that wanted her pealing back. I looked about and at that place ain’t cipher else in here but us. The doors upstairs dosen’t unfastened until ten in the forenoon. I merely thought you might of known something. Travel back to bed Joe. if anything comes up I give you a cry. I’ll come in early tonight. look into the topographic point out. See ya Doc. Dr. Jacob hung the phone back into topographic point and got up to get down working on the first client of the twenty-four hours. At lunch period. Danny went place. and Dr. Jacob went upstairs to look into in with the director. He mentioned what happened with Danny. and asked if he knew anything about a miss named Larissa. The director had no thought. but asked if it was such a good thought holding Danny working at that place. particularly with his ain key. Dr. Jacob went outside with the director to the parking batch. where the immense old Swann’s mark stood. The Sun had hidden itself behind a thick wall of clouds. and the air current had whipped up another notch. There is nil incorrect with Danny working here. he does a snake pit of a occupation. I took him on so ya. he’s my duty. If something happens. it’s on me. Dr. Jacob stood his land as little beads began falling on the paving of the parking batch. So far. there hasn’t been any jobs. but like I warned you from the start. The first clip he screws up. he’s gone. the director huffed. I got you. there won’t be any jobs. Joe’s coming in early merely to look into everything out. so I might lodge around a small boulder clay he gets here. If you don’t mind. The director rolled his eyes. adjusted his suit. and walked back into the place. Dr. Jacob thought about holding a fume. but the rain truly started kicking in. and it was acquiring colder. He decided to head back in to work. When he got off the lift and headed for the work tabular array. he thought he heard person snuffle. He called out to see who was at that place. Danny came out from around the corner. with a unusual expression on his face. Danny. I thought you went place. What are you making here? I came back to assist Larissa. She’s sad. I don’t like to see a lady call. Can we give her back the ring now? Dr. Jacob explained that there was cipher at that place named Larissa. and he knew nil about a ring. Danny asked if he could remain for awhile and expression for Larissa’s ring. and even though everything in Dr. Jacob’s head told him non to. he told Danny that he could. A twosome hours subsequently. the phone rang. Dr. Jacob answered it. Hey Doc. I was believing about what you asked me earlier. and one of those biddies I did last dark had a toe ring on it. I took it off when I put her places on. and I don’t think I put it back on. Make you believe a household member came looking for it or something? Mabey that’s what freaked Danny boy out. Look on the top of the apparels rack. I’m gon na acquire another hr of shut oculus in before I come down. Dr. Jacob told Danny where to look. and they found the ring. Danny went over to one of the organic structures and placed the ring on the little finger finger. Danny looked up at Dr. Jacob and gave him one of his celebrated smilings. I think she’s happy now. Thank you Dr. Jacob. Danny got on the lift and headed up. Dr. Jacob checked the name on the organic structure. Laurie Essa. Larissa.

AUSCHWITZ essays

AUSCHWITZ essays In the beginning the Jews were murdered in mass shootings on the Russian front. This method of extermination was very difficult on the soldiers, and far to public to the civilians. This was then the beginning. In 1941 for the plan to carry out their mass killing of the Jews at Auschwitz. Once this decision had been reached to kill all the Jews of Europe, a more discreet method of extermination had to be devised. Witnesses had later accounted that even the first commandant of Auschwitz Rudolf Hoess said that they needed a more humane and rational method for this mass killing. So late in the summer of 1941 the order was made that Auschwitz would be used for this purpose. There were six extermination factories located in Poland, many people were killed at the first death camps, but the largest camp was Auschwitz between January 1942 and November 1944 it was estimated to have exterminated 1,250,000 Jews. Auschwitz was a complex of camps, combining the different types of labor, internment and extermination. Auschwitz was a concentration center, and the most notorious of all the death camps. The Jews who were taken to Auschwitz came from many countries, Holland, Greece, Germany, Poland, Russia, France, Belgium, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Norway, Austria, Slovakia, Croatia, Italy and Yugolslavia. These victims, were unaware of their fate, and endured the indescribable torment of long rail journeys, during which they were crowded into cattle trucks and deprived of air, food and water. These journeys caused many to die just from the conditions, from suffocation and dehydration. As they would arrive at Auschwitz, the majority were tricked into taking showers or sometimes had to be driven with whips like slaves, into chambers, once naked inside these rooms, the doors were bolted and they were poisoned by hydrogen cyanide gas (Zyclon B.) All over Nazi-occupied Europe there were round-ups o ...

Measuring the Effectiveness of Human Resource Management in Improving Literature review

Measuring the Effectiveness of Human Resource Management in Improving Organizational Performance - Literature review Example The first part of the review will focus on providing a critical discussion of human resource management and the underlying theories and functions. The second part of the review will highlight briefly on the concept of organizational performance. The last part of the review process will focus on correlating what different source write on the effectiveness of human resource management in improving organizational performance and then lastly, developing a conceptual framework for this study. It is important to note that the review will additionally outline the methods and methodological position of the researchers or writers, and it will even mention any existing problem and gaps within the existing body of knowledge. According to the writings by Rodgers and Wrights (1998, p 3), he described human resource management as an administrative function that involves that aspect of recruiting, selecting, firing and designing of payrolls. Rodgers and Wrights (1998, p 3) further added that in the present context, human resource management is viewed as a component for adding value to a firm’s strategy. In a separate study conducted by Sauer (2010, p 1), the term ‘human resource management’ has been described as the function that is concerned with employee policies, managerial systems, and practices that have a direct influence on an organizational workforce. From a broader perspective, Sauer (2010, p 1) wrote that HRM function simply involves all the decisions that affect the employees or the workforce within an organization. Rodgers and Wrights (1998, p3) made a mention that HRM as a practice has been on a growth period since the 20th century in the sense that there have been numerous advancements or development within the practice since its conception.

Writing on skin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writing on skin - Essay Example One could inscribe on the desks, on our arms the names of the people we admired and loved. We wrote using ink. These traces have seemed like something unending but time and soap rubbed all those memories and changed our obsessions. Our skin at those moments became a book where we can write our desires, a perishable and fragile diary (Olivares, para1). When one does plastic surgery on their face to appear more attractive, the effort is just to rub out time and get rid of physical memory without realizing that it is a diverse stage that also will leave him/her with trace in his/her skin, devoid of eliminating everything and any incident. Just like the way we cannot stop thinking about our loved ones (Olivares, para3). Tattoos have unlike significance and meanings, marks and painting which are accessible in images tell us many stories and many other way of approaching any article. In early days, photography in its most documentary work type took upon itself to record people with tattoos. Tattoos have adopted anthropological drawings, work if indigenous people, record of journey as a documentary paintings as an element in their works (Olivares, para8). On the other hand, cinema and photography, largely, have taken them on board because they have concerned themselves much more in depth and often criminal sectors in the secretive, the yakuza, prostitution, delinquency and what is marginalized and adventure world of crime. Good examples of witting in our skins are the tattoos. Traditionally tattoos marked the social hierarchies and defined warrior categories. Rites of passage and festivals were distinguished with paintings. Today, tattoos have diversified into different formulae and they usually define those who wear them like a neon billboard on their foreheads. Tattoos have stopped being marks of the less fortunate, women fallen on difficult times, sailors and convicts (Olivares, para5). Adolescents from wealthy settings wear seductive tattoos on their hip,

Discuss the differences between 'world cinema' and Hollywood cinema Essay

Discuss the differences between 'world cinema' and Hollywood cinema. Explain why the term 'world cinema' has gained popularity in recent years - Essay Example Economic status of the country is one of the major factors that influence the film text of a country's cinema. An example is the cinema of Vietnam. French trained Vietnamese director Tran Anh Hung, most of his cinematic context was inclined about the ongoing war in Vietnam (Johnson 2003). His movie titled Cyclo (1995) was set in the 90's Vietnam, even it was a gangster movie, hints of war were still traced in the background (Ko, 1999). In 1986, Vietnam's economy plummeted. This greatly affected the filmmaking industry as they cannot respond anymore to the need of cinematic development prevailed during the 80'up to the 90's, started by the Hollywood cinema. The text expressed in Cyclo was very rich and realistically executed as the film portrayed the destituteness of the citizens in the country (Johnson 2003). It was played and recognized in many countries. The movie Ang Pagdadalaga ni Maximo Oliveros (2005) (The Blossoming in Womanhood of Maximo Oliveros) is from the Philippine cinema. The film garnered handful of recognition and awards from various independent film award-giving bodies of different countries. The movie is a dimensional portrayal of the Philippines' condition in allusion. The hero is a homosexual boy that is set to bloom in womanhood, whereas he supposed to get developed in manhood. The discrepancy is suggestive in the very title of the movie about the contrariety of the development of the country regarding poverty and hunger (Thomas 2006). The expected development of the country towards rise of its economy was never portrayed, but the citizens were depicted already adjusted with its economic condition as though being softened, as juxtapose of the main character's nature. Using a homosexual for main character gives a new perspective yet more precise of depicting the country in its economic slum, and the effect of its modernization to the people (Thomas 2006). Cinema of Morocco produced a film titled Jawhara. The movie was noted internationally and has been reviewed online by various critics. Hachim Raji of Babel Med, an independent multi-cultural website for journalists in Mediterranean, stated that Jawhara is movie that was "practically the first film to tackle the dark period of the lead years in Morocco". The film was about a little girl borne and raised inside a prison cell all through out her mother's incarceration term. The cruelty of the country's former administration was strongly depicted in the movie, but delivered presently as reflection of the current administration of its any possible stir (Raji 2007). By the depiction of the situations in the very movie you can easily tell how Morocco as a nation is. Police brutality and suppressed human rights reflects the economic status of the country (Raji 2007). Technological equipment in making film of a nation can also affect the film and define the country's technological development as well. Other country can afford to use more advance technology in making their film, even the very theatrical venue of representation of the film. Hollywood can provide a film that is polished by computer technologies in graphics and animation-required text. Hollywood legendary films like the saga of Star Wars by George Lucas, and Extra Terrestrial of Steven Spielberg

What Do You Think Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What Do You Think - Essay Example First of all, the HR Director of the construction company should organize an interaction session. In this session the director should suggest the major stakeholders of the organization to realize the significance of women employees. Recently it has been seen that women staffs are considered as more effective employees who can mange several conflicts in an effective way. It is true that the managerial capability of women is much higher comparing to the men. In addition to this, the HR Director should motivate its employees to work together with employees. Collaborative work and effective workplace diversity strategy can help the director to hire skilled women employees. The human resource department should develop workplace equity policy in order to take care of the morale rights of women employees. This strategy will help the organization to avoid workplace conflicts and improve its productivity. On the other hand, the goodwill of the organization can get increased among its internal and external stakeholders. It is true that male employees have the ability to do the hard work and avail more physical ability comparing to the women individuals. In terms of managerial skills, organization can get advantages from women leaders. It is important for the organization to motivate the male employees before implementing any employment equity policy. The organization should redefine the reward structure and performance evaluation process to motivate the male employees. In addition to this, the HR department should organize an orientation process in which the director can help them to understand the significance of collaborative work performance and workplace diversity. Skilled Men and women employees in a group can enhance collaborative group work (Poelmans 174). There are several competitive advantages to implement this initiative. Diverse workforce with female staffs can help the organization to bid for several leading private

Gourmet Express Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gourmet Express - Essay Example This business targets young urban professionals with a large income and do not want to eat at the hotels, are willing to have services offered at a pay and their leisure time is limited but prefer food cooked at home. Since the customers do not have time to prepare everything, they have to make orders which will be delivered. The primary competitors would be restaurants and grocery stores offering delivery services. The three levels of government are; the federal government which consists of two houses, the senate and House of Representatives. It has responsibilities that include social security, foreign affairs, currency, defense and trade which are exercised through the prime minister. The federal government reverses the power to allow or barn one from opening a business. The territory government and the State is the decision making body, its responsibilities include; consumer affairs, justice, education, health, forestry, main roads and transport. The state is mainly concerned abo ut the consumer affairs and ensures products in the market are to the required standard (Brough, 2005). . The local government has a body that makes decisions known as shire council or city council. It has a number of responsibilities which include; garbage collection, building regulations, public health and land subdivisions. The local authority must ensure that the premises under which the business is run meets the set standards and is neat. The economic factors that will affect Gourmet express are; Economic development and growth. This dictate the amount of money the whole society that you rely on for business earn. The company targets large income earners who want services at their doorstep at a pay. Demand and supply will also affect Gourmet Express services and products. Demand is the ability and willingness of consumers to purchase a commodity and supply is the business ability to provide for the consumers demand (Brough, 2005). . There are several social trends that are chan ging the business environment. Consumers want to know more about products, people want to know if the company’s products can cause harm to the environment, if the workers of that particular company are treated well? Gourmet Express has to ensure there is smooth coordination to be successful because disclosure of information is mandatory. Advertising has to be done well for success of the company because traditional advertising is less effective. Technology has become key for the success of every business, the management of Gourmet must put up with the pace of technological changes. The business must put up with new development methods and processes that arise since, there are new inventions daily and there they are supposed to be implemented in the business environment. There are many environmental factors that influence business in an economy which include; financial, political, social, employees, product quality and manufacturing. The management of Gourmet Express has to be very keen on all this because they can affect the business negatively. If there is political instability in a country a business will encounter losses because there will be no customers to sell its products to. SWOT analysis is important because it provides helpful information to the company in matching the capabilities and resources of the firm with the competitive environment where it operates. The strength of

Infection Control Programme in Intensive Control Unit in Indian Dissertation

Infection Control Programme in Intensive Control Unit in Indian hospital - Dissertation Example 80.95% said that clinical waste is disposed into community dumps directly. The written policy and procedures must be integrated in daily routine by using visual techniques such as posters, pamphlets and medical calendars so that the staff is continually reminded about the infection control practices. Declaration List of Figures Figure 11 - Number and rate of ICU acquired infection by infection type 19 Figure 22 - Hand wash and economic constraints 22 Figure 33 - Proper method of washing hands 24 Figure 4:4: Sample question scoring 43 Figure 5:5: Sample response rate & graphical chart 45 Figure 6: Hand Hygiene - Question 1 51 Figure 7: Hand Hygiene - Question 2 54 Figure 8: Hand Hygiene - Question 3 56 Figure 9: Hand Hygiene - Question 4 60 Figure 10: Hand Hygiene - Question 5 62 Figure 11: Hand Hygiene - Question 6 64 Figure 12: Hand Hygiene - Question 7 66 Figure 13: Sterilisation and Disinfection - Question 1 70 Figure 14: Sterilisation and Disinfection - Question 2 73 Figure 15: S terilisation and Disinfection - Question 5.4.3 75 Figure 16: Sterilisation and Disinfection - Question 4 77 Figure 17: Sterilisation and Disinfection - Question 5 79 Figure 18: Sterilisation and Disinfection - Question 6 81 Figure 19: Sterilisation and Disinfection - Question 7 83 Figure 20: Sterilisation and Disinfection - Question 8 85 Figure 21: Sterilisation and Disinfection - Question 9 87 Figure 22: Waste Management - Question 1 90 Figure 23: Waste Management - Question 2 92 Figure 24: Waste Management - Question 3 95 Figure 25: Waste Management - Question 4 97 Figure 26: Waste Management - Question 5 99 Figure 27: Waste Management - Question 6 101 Figure 28: Waste Management - Question 7 103 Figure 29: Waste Management - Question 8 105 Figure 30:6: Aggregate Hand... The paper tells that infections acquired by a patient in a healthcare facility, which were neither present nor incubating when the patient entered the hospital are called as nosocomial infections or hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Hospitalised patients are more prone to develop such infections due to weak immune system, resulting from complex surgeries, organ transplantation, use of invasive devices and medical procedures, antibiotic resistance and other sources of cross-infection. Development of nosocomial infection is multiplied by the presence of microorganism in the hospital environment, which act as a reservoir from where microorganisms spread to other patients and cause infections. Infection can be acquired not just from other infected patients and healthcare staff but also from getting in contact with contaminated medical instruments and devices. Accumulation of patients suffering from acute illness in a relatively small place such as the intensive care unit (ICU) further increases the potential of nosocomial infection. Patients in an intensive care unit are at an increased risk of acquiring infections as compared to patients in general wards or other areas of the hospital. Bacteria have been the traditional source of nosocomial infection but with increasing use of antibiotics, urinary and central venous catheters, invasive surgeries, chemotherapy, mechanical ventilators, increasing incidence of other infectious microorganisms such as viruses and fungi, have become one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. Nosocomial infections extends hospital stay and increase both morbidity and mortality.

What Do You Think Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

What Do You Think - Essay Example First of all, the HR Director of the construction company should organize an interaction session. In this session the director should suggest the major stakeholders of the organization to realize the significance of women employees. Recently it has been seen that women staffs are considered as more effective employees who can mange several conflicts in an effective way. It is true that the managerial capability of women is much higher comparing to the men. In addition to this, the HR Director should motivate its employees to work together with employees. Collaborative work and effective workplace diversity strategy can help the director to hire skilled women employees. The human resource department should develop workplace equity policy in order to take care of the morale rights of women employees. This strategy will help the organization to avoid workplace conflicts and improve its productivity. On the other hand, the goodwill of the organization can get increased among its internal and external stakeholders. It is true that male employees have the ability to do the hard work and avail more physical ability comparing to the women individuals. In terms of managerial skills, organization can get advantages from women leaders. It is important for the organization to motivate the male employees before implementing any employment equity policy. The organization should redefine the reward structure and performance evaluation process to motivate the male employees. In addition to this, the HR department should organize an orientation process in which the director can help them to understand the significance of collaborative work performance and workplace diversity. Skilled Men and women employees in a group can enhance collaborative group work (Poelmans 174). There are several competitive advantages to implement this initiative. Diverse workforce with female staffs can help the organization to bid for several leading private

Infection Control Programme in Intensive Control Unit in Indian Dissertation

Infection Control Programme in Intensive Control Unit in Indian hospital - Dissertation Example 80.95% said that clinical waste is disposed into community dumps directly. The written policy and procedures must be integrated in daily routine by using visual techniques such as posters, pamphlets and medical calendars so that the staff is continually reminded about the infection control practices. Declaration List of Figures Figure 11 - Number and rate of ICU acquired infection by infection type 19 Figure 22 - Hand wash and economic constraints 22 Figure 33 - Proper method of washing hands 24 Figure 4:4: Sample question scoring 43 Figure 5:5: Sample response rate & graphical chart 45 Figure 6: Hand Hygiene - Question 1 51 Figure 7: Hand Hygiene - Question 2 54 Figure 8: Hand Hygiene - Question 3 56 Figure 9: Hand Hygiene - Question 4 60 Figure 10: Hand Hygiene - Question 5 62 Figure 11: Hand Hygiene - Question 6 64 Figure 12: Hand Hygiene - Question 7 66 Figure 13: Sterilisation and Disinfection - Question 1 70 Figure 14: Sterilisation and Disinfection - Question 2 73 Figure 15: S terilisation and Disinfection - Question 5.4.3 75 Figure 16: Sterilisation and Disinfection - Question 4 77 Figure 17: Sterilisation and Disinfection - Question 5 79 Figure 18: Sterilisation and Disinfection - Question 6 81 Figure 19: Sterilisation and Disinfection - Question 7 83 Figure 20: Sterilisation and Disinfection - Question 8 85 Figure 21: Sterilisation and Disinfection - Question 9 87 Figure 22: Waste Management - Question 1 90 Figure 23: Waste Management - Question 2 92 Figure 24: Waste Management - Question 3 95 Figure 25: Waste Management - Question 4 97 Figure 26: Waste Management - Question 5 99 Figure 27: Waste Management - Question 6 101 Figure 28: Waste Management - Question 7 103 Figure 29: Waste Management - Question 8 105 Figure 30:6: Aggregate Hand... The paper tells that infections acquired by a patient in a healthcare facility, which were neither present nor incubating when the patient entered the hospital are called as nosocomial infections or hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Hospitalised patients are more prone to develop such infections due to weak immune system, resulting from complex surgeries, organ transplantation, use of invasive devices and medical procedures, antibiotic resistance and other sources of cross-infection. Development of nosocomial infection is multiplied by the presence of microorganism in the hospital environment, which act as a reservoir from where microorganisms spread to other patients and cause infections. Infection can be acquired not just from other infected patients and healthcare staff but also from getting in contact with contaminated medical instruments and devices. Accumulation of patients suffering from acute illness in a relatively small place such as the intensive care unit (ICU) further increases the potential of nosocomial infection. Patients in an intensive care unit are at an increased risk of acquiring infections as compared to patients in general wards or other areas of the hospital. Bacteria have been the traditional source of nosocomial infection but with increasing use of antibiotics, urinary and central venous catheters, invasive surgeries, chemotherapy, mechanical ventilators, increasing incidence of other infectious microorganisms such as viruses and fungi, have become one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. Nosocomial infections extends hospital stay and increase both morbidity and mortality.

Vulgar and horrid Essay Example for Free

Vulgar and horrid Essay Look at the significance of Chapter 5 to the novel as a whole. Look at the relevance and affect of the writers use of language to describe setting, character, and what it shows about social and historical inferences. The story of Frankenstein was written in 1818 by well known British author, Mary Shelley. She wrote this novel when she was only eighteen years old after having a horrendous nightmare about an evil scientist bringing to life a human like monster. She got this inspiration from observing Luigi Gavoni, a scientist who used electrical impulses to make dead frogs move. This novel follows the life of the character Victor Frankenstein and his Monster prior to it being made, during the process and after. Frankenstein has a prominent message throughout, that of not judging someone by their appearance but by their inner beauty. Mary Shelley also clearly puts forward her thoughts of the immorality of making life out of dead parts through explaining the trauma Frankenstein has caused to this. She has very clear views that anything that has been unnaturally conceived is wrong. In the opening paragraph of Chapter 5 readers are enlightened of Frankensteins emotions towards the monster which vary from being proud of his accomplishment, to pain, to distress. The first sentence of this paragraph is written with the use of pathetic fallacy, dreary night of November. This sets the mood instantly for the reader and creates an atmosphere of portentousness in the story. Pathetic fallacy is used again in this paragraph, rain pattered dismally. This is done deliberately by Mary Shelley as she wants the first paragraph to contrast with the emotions of Frankenstein. A mood of bleakness is set which contrasts with Frankensteins enthusiasm. Frankenstein embarks with a feeling of excitement as he is bringing to life the monster, with this, he quotes the words anxiety, spark, but interrupts himself with extreme distress as he realises he has brought to life a corpse of a creature which shouldnt have been summoned to life. He then uses words like catastrophe and wretch to describe its horrid appearance. Frankenstein says great God! which is linked to religious meanings. Shelley shows Frankenstein saying this quote as she is against the fact that the creature that has been manufactured, she uses this specific term as being religious it goes against her beliefs of natural reproduction. Shelley emphasises her disgust towards the creature by doing this. Frankenstein now realises the extreme stress he has put on his body during the two years he created and developed the monster, deprived myself of rest and health. Here the writer infers clear disproval of Frankenstein and his creation as she repeats all the disasters he has caused due to his actions. The first sentence of the second paragraph, how can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe immediately indicates to the reader that Frankenstein is disgusted with the first appearance of the newly born monster. He describes it as vulgar and horrid. These extreme words show Frankensteins pure hate for the creature. As the story progresses, Frankensteins state of mind slowly deteriorates. He realises how excited and happy he was before the beauty of the dream vanished, and how he is now. Shelley writes this to teach her readers about the consequences of doing these un-natural experiments and playing with Gods creation of man. The monster flees and as of that, Frankensteins fear worsens to paranoia. Frankenstein is shown to be so disturbed that he cannot even sleep. He has wild dreams that he sees his beloved Elizabeth who ends up being the corpse of his dead mother. Frankenstein is so disorientated; he loses his natural immunity and becomes ill. He works himself up so much that he gets in such a poor state and is bed ridden with a fever. Cold dew covered my forehead. At this moment in the story, the reader is starting to lose interest of the suffering of Frankenstein as he has been dragging out his suffering for almost a whole chapter. At the beginning you acknowledged his suffering but it eventually becomes tedious. I passed the night wretchedly. Mary Shelley does this on purpose to emphasise the point that Frankenstein has been wrong in his doings. She makes the reader dislike Frankenstein through over explaining. This may be a consequence of Frankensteins actions, people disliking him.

Reading Habits Among Student Of Faculty Information Management Education Essay

Reading Habits Among Student Of Faculty Information Management Education Essay Proverb says reading is warehouse of knowledge. By reading we can get a number of knowledge and information that is being developed or have evolved though. Anyway, all is never separated from the act of reading. In particular, the student or students for these jobs require them to read. That is read, read, and continue readings. As a hunter of science, the book is a major source of knowledge for them. Hence, reading something that is very important in our lives if we want to succeed in life. There are lots of understanding about the reading by some of the figures. Among Klein, ddk (in Faridah Rahim, 2005: 3) that make the definition of reading includes: first, reading is a process. The point is the information from the text and the knowledge possessed by the reader has a key role in the form of questions. According to Harris and Sipay (1980) described the process of reading as a process for the interpretation of the meaning of the symbols printed or written. In addition, Kenedy (1981) also defines reading as the ability to detect a visual form (graphic symbols that represent the language and the writing or words), connecting it with the form of sound or meaning of the note and then based on past experience, understand and interpret its meaning. For Mohairaini Yusoff (1989), has concluded the process of reading as a complex treatment and cannot be observed. Only two components of the agreed key skills inherent in the reading skills of skills to recognize and condemn the w ords and the skills to understand what is read. Reading is something that should be in our lives as human beings as long as we live on this Gods earth. Reading is the roots strength of an individual, but of a nation and a country. Without someone to read that there would be no knowledge or experience, without the knowledge and experience of how someone is able to govern or to lead a country and family. Therefore, reading is something very important in life if we want to succeed. In addition, reading is a science which is important to us. Many forms of knowledge can be gained by reading habits, but the reading can improve a person thinking and enhance their skills or expertise in any field of endeavor. Reading also benefited as the reading we can fill the free time and with these we will not waste time with things that are not useful as is happening now is like illegal racing activity, loitering, and so forth. In fact, reading can calm the mind and reduce the burden and to read, we can disseminate the knowledge gained from reading to others. Now we can also read and heard through the mass media in our country Malaysia, the ministry tried to set up various programs to encourage people to read because we are Malaysian government is aware that people are not reading less knowledgeable, and this will affect the performance of our country. Among the programs are held at each school talks about the importance of reading to enhance knowledge, sales day books, NILAM program at the school, the programs readers and many programs have been organized. This program is held by the ministry in collaboration with the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MALAYSIA and also the school. From here we can see the importance of reading to the individual, especially the students and students of higher education. To get a good future they must have a high knowledge and to get the high knowledge they must reading and have reading habits inside them. They must think reading is not just to fulfill their field in their study but they must think reading is to make a knowledge that is really treasure for them. Here we will know the higher education student skill in reading. This means that how they read, for what they read and how they interpret their reading into study or their works. Beside that we also can know the important of reading for the higher education student. How the faculties keep their student in reading habits and what programs that already being handled to keep the student reading. ORGANIZATION BACKGROUND The research of mine will be conducted in Universiti Teknologi MARA, Campus Puncak Perdana, Shah Alam. My research scope will be among student of Faculty Information Management (FPM). UITM was establishing on 14 October 1967 by Tun Abdul Razak and by the mid-70s, but at that time the campus was already in full operation. Now UITM have 26 campuses. It is including UITM Campus Puncak Perdana. Campus Puncak Perdana was establish in the year of 2005.There are 3 Faculty in this campus, it is Faculty Information Management, Faculty Account, and Faculty Technology Creative and Artistic. Faculty of Information Management, UiTM, takes pride in being the pioneer in providing professional education to fulfill the manpower need of the country in three very important fields, namely: Information Management, Library Management, and Records Management. Our academic programmes, supplemented by industry attachments, equip graduates with knowledge and skills to take on the challenging demands of managing information in various forms and in various types of organizations. Our graduates become the main driving force for the development of a knowledge-based society, transforming Malaysia into a developed nation, ensuring that the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rich reservoirs of knowledge are systematically organized, maintained and enhanced for optimum value. To achieve this aim, the programmes consist of the blended components from four main areas: Information Technologies, Professional and Technical Aspects of Information and Records Management, Public Relations, and Usersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Needs and Services. To achieve the goal of the Information Management Faculty, the student must active reading and they must have the skill to manage their reading, information, knowledge, information literacy, become the information proficiency and many more. The student must have good reading habits to become the skilled persons. Having good reading habits will make them professional in this field. The students also know how to handle the information from overload because they have skills because of their habits in reading. Although, Faculty of Information Management produces good workers on manage the information and they also produce the librarian. So, here they need to produce a program to increase the reading habits among students. Before they can conduct program, they must have the reading habit. From this they can conduct and handle student and people to have reading habits and they can give their experience on reading habits. PROBLEM STATEMENT Reading habits is very important to students especially student in higher education. They need to read more than other people. This is because students have to read to broaden their knowledge. Not to read just for school assignments, but read to give them knowledge. With this knowledge, they can complete their tasks quickly and have knowledge of their contents. In addition, reading can also prepare students to stand up and speak in front of the class, especially in the presentation works. Without reading difficult for them to speak fluently to describe the contents of their hard work and also to answer questions raised by colleagues and lecturers. Therefore, we have the knowledge to read high. However, the students reading is just to finish their assignment not for keep their knowledge. They think that finish their assignment is more important than reading for knowledge. This can give impact to the students and also to the faculty. This is because the faculty of Information Management wants to produce the workers that have a quality and having knowledge in manages information, without reading is it hard to produce this kind of workers. After the student finish their studies, they will go for works, if they not works as what the employer want this can give impact for Faculty. Employer would dispute the ability faculty in produce are capable students in the world of works. In this field of studies, need the student read more than often because from reading student will know about the management of information and what they need to do. The first problem in this area is lack awareness about the important of reading. Reading habits can give them more knowledge not only in studies but also knowledge about worlds. The second problem is students are always narrowed in reading minds. They can only be read if asked or to complete their assignment. In fact, they prefer to read scientific material about such gossip. The third problem is the limited collection materials in the library and the lack of Internet services. When there are limited collections of materials in the library so students refer to not go to library and also they will read this limited collection and this will occur problem on student reading habits. Lack of using the internet or browsing internet the student will get not enough information and they will get limited information and this will make they have a limited knowledge. The forth problem is student easy to feel bored in reading especially read books and article without any picture. They refer to read the visual form of reading materials. This kind of reading concept would not make the student feel bored easily. Besides that, visual material of reading will help the student to faster remember their readings. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are as follows: To investigate the student awareness about the important of reading. To investigate frequency of student go to library. To investigate the materials of the student often to read and borrowed from library. To investigate the using of the internet by student; is that they use the internet to learn, reading or something else. To investigate is there any program being handle at the faculty to attract the student to go library and read; is it the student attend the program. RESEARCH QUESTION The research questions of this study are as follow: What is the purpose of reading for student? What is the frequency of the student come to library? How often the student come to reading program handle by the faculty and library? How much the materials that student read per day and how many material they borrowed from library? What the material the student often use to read and study; internet or printed materials? SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH The scope of this study is about the reading habits among student of Faculty of Information Management. How important reading habits in order to fulfill the career as a student, need of the student and ths will plays a big rle to produce the quality works and leading to successful academic person. This research is being conduct among student in Faculty of Information Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, campus Puncak Perdana. The scope of this study are limited to two main areas, which is the contents of the study that is base on the title and the location of the study which is I have chose in Faculty of Information Management Campus Puncak Perdana, UITM, Shah Alam. The study of this research covers several elements. The elements are how often student go to library to make a reading for them self, how much materials they read per day, what kind material they read, and their ability in reading. The respondents for this study comprises of the students in Faculty Information Management and in this faculty there are four courses, IM220 (Library Science Management), IM221 (Information Systems Management), IM222 (Records Management), and IM223 (Resource Centers Management). This faculty located at University Teknologi MARA, Campus Puncak Perdana, Seksyen U10, Shah Alam. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Independent Variable Dependent Variable Reading Skill Reading Habits Material Library services Reading Habits Program MATERIAL READING SKILL READING HABITS READING HABITS PROGRAM LIBRARY SERVICES FIGURE 1: THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK RELATIONSHIP INDEPENDENT VARIABLES AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES The conceptual framework indicates the relationship which consists of the dependent and independent variables. The framework denotes the four variables which causes to single variable which were affected by the independent variable. Reading habits is dependent variable, variance in which to be explained by the four independent variables which are reading skill, materials, library services, and reading habits programs. The independent variables in this case are reading habits skills, materials, library services, and reading habit programs. Thus, it is very important of the reading habits in produce the good future and ability in works, also can make a higher knowledge. On the other hand, the dependent variable is the reading habits. It can be seen clearly that the independent variables have influenced the dependent variable. This research indicate and elaborate clearly that the reading skill, materials, library services and reading habit programs in student life as an independent variables that will affect and support the student life, works and student futures by having the reading habits among themselves as a dependent variables. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION Reading Habits According to North Regional Education Laboratory, definition of reading is, for many years, three basic definitions of reading have driven literacy programs in the United States (Foertsch, 1998). According to the first definition, learning to read means learning to pronounce words. According to the second definition, learning to read means learning to identify words and get their meaning. According to the third definition, learning to read means learning to bring meaning to a text in order to get meaning from it. But, according to the free dictionary, reading is the act or activity of one that reads. The definition of habits according to dictionary.com is, habits are an acquired behavior pattern regularly followed until it has become almost involuntary: the habit of looking both ways before crossing the street. Habits also can be define as a particular practice, custom, or usage, a dominant or regular disposition or tendency; prevailing character or quality. From both definition we can understand that reading habits is the act or activity of one that reads acquired behavior pattern as regularly followed until it has become almost involuntary.